Dietary Patterns May be Associated with Primary Congenital Glaucoma, Interior Segment Defects

Certain dietary patterns may be inversely associated with primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) and anterior segment defects (ASDs), according to study results publish in the journal of Birth Defects Research. The study authors however state that caution is need due to imprecision of estimates.

Using data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a large population-based, multicenter case-control study of major birth defects in the United States, researchers investigated the link between maternal nutrition and PCG and ASDs. A food frequency questionnaire for the year prior to pregnancy was taken from mothers of children with PCG and ASDs (n = 152) and mothers of control infants without a birth defect (n = 9178). A Diet Quality Index for Pregnancy (DQI-P) score for each mother was calculated, and a latent class analysis was used to empirically develop 4 dietary patterns.

DQI-P was not associated with risk of PCG and ASDs (adjusted odds ratios [aORs]

0.91; CI 0.49-1.66, highest vs lowest quartile). Women with a Prudent and Mexican dietary pattern had lower odds according to the dietary pattern analysis compared to those with a Western dietary pattern (aOR 0.82, 95% CI 0.52-1.29; aOR 0.80, 95% CI 0.36-1.78, respectively)

Reference

Moore KJ, Carmichael SL, Forestieri NE, et al. Maternal diet as a risk factor for primary congenital glaucoma and defects of the anterior segment of the eye in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Birth Defects Res. 2020;10[Online ahead of print]. DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1664